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Phonological dyslexia is a reading disability that is a form of alexia (acquired dyslexia), [1] resulting from brain injury, stroke, or progressive illness and that affects previously acquired reading abilities. The major distinguishing symptom of acquired phonological dyslexia is that a selective impairment of the ability to read pronounceable ...
Dyslexia does not affect general intelligence, but is often co-diagnosed with ADHD. [1] [2] There are at least three sub-types of dyslexia that have been recognized by researchers: orthographic, or surface dyslexia, phonological dyslexia and mixed dyslexia where individuals exhibit symptoms of both orthographic and phonological dyslexia. [3]
Dyslexia is a heterogeneous, dimensional learning disorder that impairs accurate and fluent word reading and spelling. [65] [66] Typical—but not universal—features include difficulties with phonological awareness; inefficient and often inaccurate processing of sounds in oral language (phonological processing); and verbal working memory ...
Surface dyslexia was imitated by damaging the orthographic lexicon so that the program made more errors on irregular words than on regular or non-words, just as is observed in surface dyslexia. [6] Phonological dyslexia was similarly modeled by selectively damaging the non-lexical route thereby causing the program to mispronounce non words.
Dyslexia was first identified by Oswald Berkhan in 1881, [2] and the term 'dyslexia' later coined in 1887 by Rudolf Berlin, [3] an ophthalmologist practicing in Stuttgart, Germany. [4] During the twentieth century, dyslexia was primarily seen as a phonological deficit (specifically phonological awareness) that resulted in a reading deficit.
Phonological processing skills make up the ability to identify and manipulate sounds in speech. Rapid automatized naming compose the ability to translate visual information whether of letters, objects or pictures into a phonological code.
Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Phonological awareness is an important and reliable predictor of later reading ability and has, therefore, been the focus of much research.
Training Phonological Awareness: A Study with Inner-City Kindergarten Children. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, 26–59. Brady, S.A. (1997). Ability to encode phonological representations: An underlying difficulty of poor readers. In B. Blackman (Ed.), Foundations of reading acquisition and dyslexia: Implications for early intervention. Lawrence ...