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The waveform of 230 V and 50 Hz compared with 120 V and 60 Hz. The utility frequency, (power) line frequency (American English) or mains frequency (British English) is the nominal frequency of the oscillations of alternating current (AC) in a wide area synchronous grid transmitted from a power station to the end-user.
India's grid is connected as a wide area synchronous grid nominally running at 50 Hz. The permissible range of the frequency band is 49.5-50.5 Hz, effective 17 September 2012. The Union Government regulates grid frequency by requiring States to pay more when they draw power at low frequencies. [3]
220 V 380 V 50 Hz Germany: C F IEC 60309: DIN VDE 0620 DIN 49441 DIN EN 60309 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Ghana: D, G 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Gibraltar: C, G 240 V 415 V 50 Hz Greece: C, F 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Greenland: C, E, F, K 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Grenada: G 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Guadeloupe: C, D, E 230 V 400 V 50 Hz Guam: A, B 110 V 190 V
All use standard frequency (50 Hz, or 60 Hz (Brazil)) rather than low frequency, using between 725 and 3,000 volts. Automated guideway transit in China and Japan can also use three-phase electrification via multiple third rails located on the side of the guideway.
This is why DC series motors were the most common choice for traction purposes until the 1990s, as they can be controlled by voltage, and have an almost ideal torque vs speed characteristic. In the 1990s, high-speed trains began to use lighter, lower-maintenance three-phase AC induction motors.
The locomotive later set an Indian speed record by hauling a train between Delhi and Agra at a speed of 160 km/h (100 mph) in 2014. [15] In December 2009, the Ministry of Railways of Government of India envisaged the implementation of regional high-speed rail projects to provide services at 250–350 km/h (160–220 mph), and planning for ...
AC power is used at 60 Hz in North America (excluding the aforementioned 25 Hz network), western Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; and at 50 Hz in a number of European countries, India, Saudi Arabia, eastern Japan, countries that used to be part of the Soviet Union, on high-speed lines in much of Western Europe (including countries that still run ...
One of the disadvantages of 16.7 Hz locomotives as compared to 50 Hz or 60 Hz locomotives is the heavier transformer required to reduce the overhead line voltage to that used by the motors and their speed control gear. Low frequency transformers need to have heavier magnetic cores and larger windings for the same