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Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures.It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science.
For any pair of positive integers n and k, the number of k-tuples of non-negative integers whose sum is n is equal to the number of multisets of size k − 1 taken from a set of size n + 1, or equivalently, the number of multisets of size n taken from a set of size k, and is given by
In mathematics, a combination is a selection of items from a set that has distinct members, such that the order of selection does not matter (unlike permutations).For example, given three fruits, say an apple, an orange and a pear, there are three combinations of two that can be drawn from this set: an apple and a pear; an apple and an orange; or a pear and an orange.
The Fano matroid, derived from the Fano plane.Matroids are one of many kinds of objects studied in algebraic combinatorics. Algebraic combinatorics is an area of mathematics that employs methods of abstract algebra, notably group theory and representation theory, in various combinatorial contexts and, conversely, applies combinatorial techniques to problems in algebra.
Compare box(6,7) in the triangle. 16 tiles from the game Tantrix, corresponding to the 16 necklaces with 2 red, 2 yellow and 2 green beads. In combinatorics , a k -ary necklace of length n is an equivalence class of n -character strings over an alphabet of size k , taking all rotations as equivalent.
By iterating the above formula one reaches to the case of a 2 × 2 board, on which there are 2 symmetric arrangements (on the diagonals). As a result of this iteration, the final expression is G 2n = 2 n n! For the usual chessboard (8 × 8), G 8 = 2 4 × 4! = 16 × 24 = 384 centrally symmetric arrangements of 8 rooks. One such arrangement is ...
The discipline of combinatorial topology used combinatorial concepts in topology and in the early 20th century this turned into the field of algebraic topology.. In 1978 the situation was reversed—methods from algebraic topology were used to solve a problem in combinatorics—when László Lovász proved the Kneser conjecture, thus beginning the new field of topological combinatorics.
Frontispiece of the book printed in 1690. The Dissertatio de arte combinatoria ("Dissertation on the Art of Combinations" or "On the Combinatorial Art") is an early work by Gottfried Leibniz published in 1666 in Leipzig. [1]