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Honing uses a special tool, called a honing stone or a hone, to achieve a precision surface. The hone is composed of abrasive grains that are bound together with an adhesive. Generally, honing grains are irregularly shaped and about 10 to 50 micrometers in diameter (300 to 1500 mesh grit). Smaller grain sizes produce a smoother surface on the ...
Over time, the constant rubbing of the rings against the cylinder wall can polish it to a very smooth finish. This creates problems in two ways. First, the lubricating oil in the engine will not adhere properly to the smooth surface, and in the absence of an oil film the resulting friction is increased.
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Abrasive flow machining (AFM), also known as abrasive flow deburring [1] or extrude honing, [2] is an interior surface finishing process characterized by flowing an abrasive-laden fluid through a workpiece. [1] [3] [2] This fluid is typically very viscous, having the consistency of putty, [2] [3] or dough. [1]
Cylinder liners (also known as sleeves) are thin metal cylinder-shaped parts which are inserted into the engine block to form the inner wall of the cylinder. [4] [5] Alternatively, an engine can be 'sleeveless', where the cylinder walls are formed by the engine block with a wear-resistant coating, such as Nikasil or plasma-sprayed bores.
The 2.4L version is an inline 4-cylinder engine that carries a bore of 88.0 mm, stroke of 97.0 mm and a 10.5:1 compression ratio; the engine dry weight is 146 kg (322 lb) and it makes 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 5,800 rpm and 22.3–23 kg⋅m (161–166 lb⋅ft; 219–226 N⋅m) of torque at 4,250 rpm.