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  2. Soil color - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_color

    Soil color is often the most visually apparent property of soil. While color itself does not influence the behavior or practical use of soils, [ 1 ] it does indicate important information about the soil organic matter content, mineralogy , moisture, and drainage.

  3. Soil morphology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology

    Soil morphology is the branch of soil science dedicated to the technical description of soil, [1] particularly physical properties including texture, color, structure, and consistence. Morphological evaluations of soil are typically performed in the field on a soil profile containing multiple horizons .

  4. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [3] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.

  5. Soil science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_science

    A soil scientist examining horizons within a soil profile. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

  6. Redoximorphic features - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redoximorphic_features

    Redoximorphic features (RMFs) consist of color patterns in a soil that are caused by loss (depletion) or gain (concentration) of pigment compared to the matrix color, formed by oxidation/reduction of iron and/or manganese coupled with their removal, translocation, or accrual; or a soil matrix color controlled by the presence of iron (2+) [1] The composition and responsible formation processes ...

  7. Humus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus

    Humus has a characteristic black or dark brown color and is an accumulation of organic carbon. Besides the three major soil horizons of (A) surface/topsoil, (B) subsoil, and (C) substratum, some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the very surface. Hard bedrock (R) is not in a strict sense soil.

  8. Munsell color system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsell_color_system

    In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three properties of color: hue (basic color), value , and chroma (color intensity). It was created by Albert H. Munsell in the first decade of the 20th century and adopted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as the official color system ...

  9. Soil ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_ecology

    Soil is made up of a multitude of physical, chemical, and biological entities, with many interactions occurring among them. It is a heterogenous mixture of minerals and organic matter with variations in moisture, temperature and nutrients.