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2. Large language model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_language_model

   A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation.LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.

3. Transformer (deep learning architecture) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning...

   For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...

4. Llama (language model) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama_(language_model)

   Llama (Large Language Model Meta AI, formerly stylized as LLaMA) is a family of large language models (LLMs) released by Meta AI starting in February 2023. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The latest version is Llama 3.3, released in December 2024.

5. BLOOM (language model) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLOOM_(language_model)

   BigScience Large Open-science Open-access Multilingual Language Model (BLOOM) [1] [2] is a 176-billion-parameter transformer-based autoregressive large language model (LLM). The model, as well as the code base and the data used to train it, are distributed under free licences. [3]

6. Retrieval-augmented generation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval-augmented_generation

   Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a technique that grants generative artificial intelligence models information retrieval capabilities. It modifies interactions with a large language model (LLM) so that the model responds to user queries with reference to a specified set of documents, using this information to augment information drawn from its own vast, static training data.

7. Generative pre-trained transformer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_pre-trained...

   Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.