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Interest rates vary widely. Some credit card loans are secured by real estate, and can be as low as 6 to 12% in the U.S. (2005). [citation needed] Typical credit cards have interest rates between 7 and 36% in the U.S., depending largely upon the bank's risk evaluation methods and the borrower's credit history.
The most common credit derivative is the credit default swap. Tightening – Lenders can reduce credit risk by reducing the amount of credit extended, either in total or to certain borrowers. For example, a distributor selling its products to a troubled retailer may attempt to lessen credit risk by reducing payment terms from net 30 to net 15.
A fixed rate is the most common form of interest for consumers, as they are easy to calculate, easy to understand, and stable - both the borrower and the lender know exactly what interest rate obligations are tied to a loan or credit account. For example, consider a loan of $10,000 from a bank to a borrower.
Credit rationing is not the same phenomenon as the better-known case of food rationing. Credit rationing is the result of asymmetric information whilst food rationing is a result of direct government action. With credit rationing, lenders limit the risk of asymmetric information about the borrower through a process known as credit assessment.
The interest rate charged depends on a range of factors, including the economic climate, perceived ability of the customer to repay, competitive pressures from other lenders, and the inherent structure and security of the credit product. Rates generally range from 0.25 percent above base rate, to well into double figures.
Secured lines of credit offer the lender the right to seize the asset in case of non-payment. Because their risk is lower, secured lines of credit typically come with a higher maximum credit limit and significantly lower interest rate. [2] On the other hand, unsecured lines of credit have higher interest rates than secured lines of credit.
A credit crunch (a credit squeeze, credit tightening or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks. A credit crunch generally involves a reduction in the availability of credit independent of a rise in official interest rates.
The force of interest is less than the annual effective interest rate, but more than the annual effective discount rate. It is the reciprocal of the e -folding time. A way of modeling the force of inflation is with Stoodley's formula: δ t = p + s 1 + r s e s t {\displaystyle \delta _{t}=p+{s \over {1+rse^{st}}}} where p , r and s are estimated.