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Carl Linnaeus [a] (23 May 1707 [note 1] – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, [3] [b] was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". [4]
Lists from 1753, 1755, and 1767 provide some insight into the herbarium's contents, but the collection was not static. Linnaeus continually added to it, and it also suffered losses over the years, making it difficult to identify all original specimens. [5] After Linnaeus's death in 1778, his herbarium passed to his son, Carl Linnaeus the Younger.
Linnaeus (later known as "Carl von Linné", after his ennoblement in 1761) [8] published the first edition of Systema Naturae in the year 1735, during his stay in the Netherlands. As was customary for the scientific literature of its day, the book was published in Latin.
In 1758, Carl Linnaeus bought the Hammarby estate (today Linnaeus's Hammarby) as his family's summer residence. [9] After her husband's death in 1778, Sara Elisabeth ruled the estate for 30 years until her own death. She was not alone, however, because at the time of her husband's death all five of her children were living at home with them.
Commemoration of Carl Linnaeus has been ongoing for over two centuries. Celebrated for his scientific work, Linnaeus was knighted and granted nobility (as Carl von Linné) in life. After his death, he has been featured in sculpture, on postage stamps and banknotes, as well as by a medal from the eponymous Linnean Society of London.
Ecology developed substantially in the 18th and 19th century. It began with Carl Linnaeus and his work with the economy of nature. [4] Soon after came Alexander von Humboldt and his work with botanical geography. [5] Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Möbius then contributed with the notion of biocoenosis.
The bibliography of Carl Linnaeus includes academic works about botany, zoology, nomenclature and taxonomy written by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778). Linnaeus laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature and is known as the father of modern taxonomy.
All the names in it are attributed to Carl Linnaeus. [1] [2] The second edition, (counted as the 14th of Systema Naturae) published in 1784, includes plant species described by J.A. Murray and Carl Peter Thunberg. [3] [4] The third edition (counted as the 15th) was edited by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. [5] [6]