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  2. Italian phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_phonology

    There are many words for which dictionaries now indicate that both pronunciations, either [z] or [s], are acceptable. Word-internally between vowels, the two phonemes have merged in many regional varieties of Italian, as either /z/ (northern-central) or /s/ (southern-central). : ^a in most accents /z/ and /s/ do not contrast.

  3. Intervocalic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intervocalic_consonant

    In phonetics and phonology, an intervocalic consonant is a consonant that occurs between two vowels. [1]: 158 Intervocalic consonants are often associated with lenition, a phonetic process that causes consonants to weaken and eventually disappear entirely.

  4. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]

  5. Postvocalic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postvocalic_consonant

    Contrarily, if a consonant occurs between two vowels, it is called intervocalic. A specially behaving postvocalic consonant in the English language is the postvocalic "r," often known as the English rhotic consonant , whose behavior alone divides the language into rhotic vs. non-rhotic accents .

  6. Phonological rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_rule

    A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics.Phonological rules are commonly used in generative phonology as a notation to capture sound-related operations and computations the human brain performs when producing or comprehending spoken language.

  7. Vowel harmony - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_harmony

    three forms: there is one back vowel form and two front vowel forms; one for words whose last vowel is rounded front vowel and one for words whose last vowel is not rounded front vowel (e.g. -hoz/-hez/-höz) four forms: there are two back vowel forms and two front vowel forms (e.g. -ot/-at/-et/-öt or simply -t, if the last sound is a vowel)

  8. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...

  9. Occitan alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_alphabet

    The cedilla (cedilha) ¸ found under ç, indicates that ç is pronounced [s], not [k]. [citation needed] The interpunct (ponch interior, punt interior) · found between two consecutive consonants: n·h and s·h and indicates a distinction between n·h and nh or s·h and sh. This is used in Gascon Occitan, which features as an allophone of /f/.