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It is the longest side of any such triangle; the two other shorter sides of such a triangle are called catheti or legs. The length of the hypotenuse can be found using the Pythagorean theorem , which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs.
In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
The Pythagorean theorem was known and used by the Babylonians and Indians centuries before Pythagoras, [216] [214] [217] [218] but he may have been the first to introduce it to the Greeks. [219] [217] Some historians of mathematics have even suggested that he—or his students—may have constructed the first proof. [220]
There is a method to construct all Pythagorean triples that contain a given positive integer x as one of the legs of the right-angled triangle associated with the triple. It means finding all right triangles whose sides have integer measures, with one leg predetermined as a given cathetus. [13] The formulas read as follows.
By multiplying the sides by a common denominator, any congruent number may be transformed into the area of a Pythagorean triangle, from which it follows that the congruent numbers are exactly the numbers formed by multiplying a congruum by the square of a rational number. [8]
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Chapter 13 relates Pythagorean triangles to rational points on a unit circle, Chapter 14 discusses right triangles whose sides are unit fractions rather than integers, and Chapter 15 is about the Euler brick problem, a three-dimensional generalization of Pythagorean triangles, and related problems on integer-sided tetrahedra.
In short, numerology is a system where numbers and letters have symbolic or mystical meanings. There are many different schools of numerology, such as the Pythagorean system and Chaldean method.