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[34] [35] There is growing evidence that tillage erosion is a major soil erosion process in agricultural lands, surpassing water and wind erosion in many fields all around the world, especially on sloping and hilly lands [36] [37] [38] A signature spatial pattern of soil erosion shown in many water erosion handbooks and pamphlets, the eroded ...
The Leaning Tower of Pisa – an example of a problem due to deformation of soil Slope instability issues for a temporary flood control levee in North Dakota, 2009 Earthwork in Germany Fox Glacier, New Zealand: Soil produced and transported by intense weathering and erosion. Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that ...
Soil erodibility is a lumped parameter that represents an integrated annual value of the soil profile reaction to the process of soil detachment and transport by raindrops and surface flow. [1] The most commonly used model for predicting soil loss from water erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) (also known as the K-factor ...
A high bulk density is indicative of either soil compaction or a mixture of soil textural classes in which small particles fill the voids among coarser particles. [52] Hence the positive correlation between the fractal dimension of soil, considered as a porous medium , and its bulk density, [ 53 ] that explains the poor hydraulic conductivity ...
Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion (the most severe of the four). [10]: 60–61 [13] In splash erosion, the impact of a falling raindrop creates a small crater in the soil, [14] ejecting soil particles. [4]
The factors influencing gully erosion were investigated in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria, utilizing SRTM data, soil samples, rainfall data, and satellite imagery. The findings indicated that the factors that had the biggest effects on gully erosion were slope (56%) and rainfall (26%), land cover (12%), and soil (6%).
From the change in diameter of the hole over time, the rate of erosion can thus be plotted against applied hydraulic shear stress and fit to the following equation: [1] [4] = where E r is the rate of erosion over time, k d is the soil erodibility, and τ c is the critical shear stress for erosion.
Vegetation can also reduce the surface compaction of the soil which again allows for increased infiltration. When no vegetation is present infiltration rates can be very low, which can lead to excessive runoff and increased erosion levels. [3] Similarly to vegetation, animals that burrow in the soil also create cracks in the soil structure.