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The nutritional status of children is further indicated by its high (10%) rate of child wasting. [2] Wasting is a significant problem in Sahelian countries – Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger – where rates fall between 11% and 19% of under fives, affecting more than 1 million children. [2]
Other nutritional deficiencies, which include iodine deficiency and iron deficiency anemia, result in another 84,000 deaths. [192] In 2010 malnutrition caused about 1.5 million deaths in women and children. [193] According to the World Health Organization, malnutrition is the biggest contributor to child mortality, present in half of all cases ...
Nutritional anthropology [1] is the study of the interplay between human biology, economic systems, nutritional status and food security.If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization.
The first recommended dietary allowances for humans were developed to address fears of disease caused by food deficiencies during the Great Depression and the Second World War. [3] Due to its importance in human health, the study of nutrition has heavily emphasized human nutrition and agriculture, while ecology is a secondary concern.
The impact nutritional epidemiology had in the past has led to social, physical and economic changes. Nutritional epidemiological findings guide dietary recommendations including the prevention of certain disease and cancers. [1] They play a role in policies on diet and health given the works are published based on grounding evidence. [5]
Nutrition transition is the shift in dietary consumption and energy expenditure that coincides with economic, demographic, and epidemiological changes. Specifically the term is used for the transition of developing countries from traditional diets high in cereal and fiber to more Western-pattern diets high in sugars, fat, and animal-source food.
The concept of nutrition security or nutritional security evolved as a broader concept. In 1995, it was defined as "adequate nutritional status in terms of protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals for all household members at all times." [19]: 16 It is also related to the concepts of nutrition education and nutritional deficiency. [20]
The world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. "The signs of increasing hunger and food insecurity are a warning that there is considerable work to be done to make sure the world "leaves no one behind" on the road towards a world with zero hunger." [12] It is unlikely there will be an end to malnutrition in Africa by 2030. [13] [14]