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The pawn (♙, ♟) is the most numerous and weakest piece in the game of chess. It may move one square directly forward, it may move two squares directly forward on its first move, and it may capture one square diagonally forward. Each player begins a game with eight pawns, one on each square of their second rank. The white pawns start on a2 ...
In chess, luft (the German word for "air", sometimes also "space" or "breath") designates the space or square left by a pawn move into which a king (usually a castled one) may then retreat, especially such a space made intentionally to avoid back-rank checkmate. [2] A move leaving such a space is often said to "give the king some luft".
In early versions of chess, the pawn could not advance two squares on its first move. The two-square advance was introduced later, between the 13th and 16th centuries, to speed up games. [ 13 ] The en passant capture may have been introduced at that time, or it may have come later; references to en passant captures appear in the books by the ...
A player can either move one piece twice (this is the source of the famous trap in the "balanced" version of the game where White opening with pawn-two appears to be trivially busted by an unprincipled defense with the pawn on an adjacent file) or move two different pieces on their turn. Castling is considered a single move.
doubled pawns Two pawns of the same color on the same file; generally considered a weakness due to their inability to defend each other. [123] doubled rooks A powerful configuration in which a player's two rooks are placed on the same file or rank with no other men between them. They defend each other and attack along the shared file or rank ...
Algebraic notation is the standard method for recording and describing the moves in a game of chess. It is based on a system of coordinates to uniquely identify each square on the board. [ 1 ] It is now almost universally used by books, magazines, newspapers and software, and is the only form of notation recognized by FIDE , [ 2 ] the ...
Staunton style chess pieces. Left to right: king, rook, queen, pawn, knight, bishop. The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) govern the play of the game of chess. Chess is a two-player abstract strategy board game. Each player controls sixteen pieces of six types on a chessboard. Each type of piece moves in a distinct way.
Examples of pawn moves: (left) promotion; (right) en passant. When a pawn makes a two-step advance from its starting position and there is an opponent's pawn on a square next to the destination square on an adjacent file, then the opponent's pawn can capture it en passant ("in passing"), moving to the square the pawn passed over. This can be ...