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The Napoleonic Wars transformed the political landscape of Europe, and a number of modern kingdoms were formed in a resurgence of monarchism after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the defeat of the French Empire: the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (1804–1918) the Kingdom of Württemberg (1805–1918) the Kingdom of Bavaria ...
For current monarchies and dynasties in Europe, see Category:Monarchies of Europe. This is a non-diffusing subcategory of Category:Former countries in Europe . It includes countries that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent.
The Kingdoms of León and Castile were united three times under the same monarch, first between 1037 and 1078, again from 1072 to 1157, and finally between 1230 and sometime in the 16th century. Between 1072 and 1095 León, Castile, and Galicia were united under a common monarch, whereafter Portugal separated under a different dynasty, and the ...
European mixed monarchies. Liechtenstein and Monaco are constitutional monarchies in which the Prince retains many powers of an absolute monarch. For example, the 2003 Constitution referendum gives the Prince of Liechtenstein the power to veto any law that the Landtag (parliament) proposes and vice versa. The Prince can hire or dismiss any ...
The European powers grudgingly accepted the Sultan's imperial rank above European kings, but were unwilling to countenance a higher position for the Sultan than that of the Holy Roman Emperor. In the Treaty of Constantinople (1533), at the height of Ottoman power, the European accepted the subterfuge of referring to Charles V only as King of Spain.
Vanished Kingdoms: The History of Half-Forgotten Europe (sometimes referred to with another subtitle as Vanished Kingdoms: Exploring Europe's Lost Realms) is a history book about fourteen former European countries, such as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kingdom of Aragon and Prussia, written by the English historian Norman Davies.
After the death of Alexander the Great, his empire split into multiple kingdoms ruled by his generals, the Diadochi. The Diadochi fought against each other in a series of conflicts called the Wars of the Diadochi. In the beginning of the 2nd century BC, only three major kingdoms remained: the Ptolemaic Egypt, the Seleucid Empire and Macedonia.
This is a list of kingdoms and royal dynasties, organized by geographic region. Note: many countries have had multiple dynasties over the course of recorded history. This is not a comprehensively exhaustive list and may require further additions or historical verification.