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Tanning, 1880 Tanner, Nuremberg, 1609 Peeling hemlock bark for the tannery in Prattsville, New York, during the 1840s, when it was the largest in the world. The English word for tanning is from medieval Latin tannāre, derivative of tannum , from French tan (tanbark), from old-Cornish tann (oak).
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle , sheep , goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.
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Tanning may refer to: Tanning (leather), treating animal skins to produce leather; Sun tanning, using the sun to darken pale skin Indoor tanning, the use of artificial light in place of the sun; Sunless tanning, application of a stain or dye to the skin (active ingredient in tanning lotion products is dihydroxyacetone (DHA)).
Chromium tanning is the most popular tanning method as 90% of all leather in the world is processed this way. [13] Alligator hide is also tanned using the Chromium process. [ 14 ] A reason many tanneries choose to use chromium is due to the final leather product being more durable and stretchy, ideal for leather accessories and garments.
splitting - the leather is split into one or more horizontal layers. shaving - the leather is thinned using a machine which cuts leather fibres off. neutralisation - the pH of the leather is adjusted to a value between 4.5 and 6.5. retanning - additional tanning agents are added to impart properties. dyeing - the leather is coloured.
The finest grades of Morocco leather are goatskin, but by the late 19th century other skins often were substituted in practice, particularly sheepskin and split calfskin. For example, French Morocco is a variety made of sheepskin. [6] The tanning process varied widely, but the traditional tanning material was sumac.
This was done by placing the skin in a pit on top of ground tanning material and covered by additional ground tanning material. This process would be repeated until the pit was nearly full. Tanning materials were dependent on the local landscape and were mostly composed of tree matter (oak, birch, willow, spruce, etc.).