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Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin , an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather.
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Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle , sheep , goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.
splitting - the leather is split into one or more horizontal layers. shaving - the leather is thinned using a machine which cuts leather fibres off. neutralisation - the pH of the leather is adjusted to a value between 4.5 and 6.5. retanning - additional tanning agents are added to impart properties. dyeing - the leather is coloured.
Tanning may refer to: Tanning (leather), treating animal skins to produce leather; Sun tanning, using the sun to darken pale skin Indoor tanning, the use of artificial light in place of the sun; Sunless tanning, application of a stain or dye to the skin (active ingredient in tanning lotion products is dihydroxyacetone (DHA)).
Tannins are an important ingredient in the process of tanning leather. Tanbark from oak , mimosa , chestnut and quebracho tree has traditionally been the primary source of tannery tannin, though inorganic tanning agents are also in use today and account for 90% of the world's leather production.
Chromium tanning is the most popular tanning method as 90% of all leather in the world is processed this way. [13] Alligator hide is also tanned using the Chromium process. [ 14 ] A reason many tanneries choose to use chromium is due to the final leather product being more durable and stretchy, ideal for leather accessories and garments.
Gambier is produced in Indonesia and Malaysia where it was an important trade item into the late nineteenth century. It can be used as a tanning agent, a brown dye, [1] [2] a food additive [3] and as herbal medicine. Also known as pale catechu, [4] white catechu or Japan Earth, [2] it is often confused with other forms of catechu.