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Electro-oxidation (EO or EOx), also known as anodic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation (EC), is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP). [1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source.
Electrocoagulation (EC) is a technique used for wastewater treatment, wash water treatment, industrially processed water, and medical treatment. Electrocoagulation has become a rapidly growing area of wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove contaminants that are generally more difficult to remove by filtration or chemical treatment systems, such as emulsified oil, total petroleum ...
A goal of the wastewater purification by means of AOP procedures is the reduction of the chemical contaminants [7] and the toxicity to such an extent that the cleaned wastewater may be reintroduced [8] into receiving streams or, at least, into a conventional sewage treatment. Although oxidation processes involving ·OH have been in use since ...
The part to be coated is immersed in a bath of electrolyte which usually consists of a dilute alkaline solution such as KOH. It is electrically connected, so as to become one of the electrodes in the electrochemical cell, with the other "counter-electrode" typically being made from an inert material such as stainless steel, and often consisting of the wall of the bath itself.
Oxidation only occurs at the anode, and thus staining and other problems which may result from the oxidation of the electrode substrate itself is avoided in the cathodic process. A significant and real difference which is not often mentioned is the fact that acid catalyzed crosslinking technologies are more appropriate to the anodic process.
This reaction type is called a Shono oxidation. An example is the α-methoxylation of N -carbomethoxypyrrolidine [ 8 ] Oxidation of a carbanion can lead to a coupling reaction for instance in the electrosynthesis of the tetramethyl ester of ethanetetracarboxylic acid from the corresponding malonate ester [ 9 ]
The anode may instead be made of a material that resists electrochemical oxidation, such as lead or carbon. Oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and some other byproducts are then produced at the anode instead. In this case, ions of the metal to be plated must be replenished (continuously or periodically) in the bath as they are drawn out of the solution ...
A standard black oxide is magnetite (Fe 3 O 4), which is more mechanically stable on the surface and provides better corrosion protection than red oxide Fe 2 O 3.Modern industrial approaches to forming black oxide include the hot and mid-temperature processes described below.