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The OSNR is the ratio between the signal power and the noise power in a given bandwidth. Most commonly a reference bandwidth of 0.1 nm is used. This bandwidth is independent of the modulation format, the frequency and the receiver. For instance an OSNR of 20 dB/0.1 nm could be given, even the signal of 40 GBit DPSK would not fit in this bandwidth.
= (where distance and wavelength are in the same units) When substituted into the link budget equation above, the result is the logarithmic form of the Friis transmission equation . In some cases, it is convenient to consider the loss due to distance and wavelength separately, but in that case, it is important to keep track of which units ...
The Rayleigh bandwidth of a simple radar pulse is defined as the inverse of its duration. For example, a one-microsecond pulse has a Rayleigh bandwidth of one megahertz. [1] The essential bandwidth is defined as the portion of a signal spectrum in the frequency domain which contains most of the energy of the signal. [2]
Bandwidth test software is used to determine the maximum bandwidth of a network or internet connection. It is typically undertaken by attempting to download or upload the maximum amount of data in a certain period of time, or a certain amount of data in the minimum amount of time.
where N c is the number of channels per cell, BW is the system bandwidth, and A c is Area of cell. Sectorization is briefly described in traffic load and cell size as a way to cut down equipment costs in a cellular network. [2] When applied to clusters of cells sectorization also reduces co-channel interference, according to Walke. [1]
Proof. We first show that () + ().. Let and be two independent random variables. Let be a random variable corresponding to the output of through the channel , and for through .
This is a list of interface bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network can communicate over various kinds of buses and channels. The distinction can be arbitrary between a computer bus, often closer in space, and larger telecommunications networks.
A minimum detectable signal is a signal at the input of a system whose power allows it to be detected over the background electronic noise of the detector system. It can alternately be defined as a signal that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of a given value m at the output.