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Flail chest typically occurs when three or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places, allowing that segment of the thoracic wall to displace and move independently of the rest of the chest wall. Flail chest can also occur when ribs are fractured proximally in conjunction with disarticulation of costal cartilages distally. For the ...
In simple rib fractures, pain can lead to reduced movement and cough suppression; this can contribute to formation of secondary chest infection. [15] Flail chest is a potentially life-threatening injury and will often require a period of assisted ventilation. [16] Flail chest and first rib fractures are high-energy injuries and should prompt ...
Chest injuries can be classified as blunt or penetrating. Blunt and penetrating injuries have different pathophysiologies and clinical courses. Specific types of injuries include: Injuries to the chest wall. Chest wall contusions or hematomas; Rib fractures; Flail chest; Sternal fractures; Fractures of the shoulder girdle
A chest X-ray showing right sided (seen on the left of the picture) pulmonary contusion associated with rib fractures and subcutaneous emphysema. Chest X-ray is the most common method used for diagnosis, [37] and may be used to confirm a diagnosis already made using clinical signs. [20] Consolidated areas appear white on an X-ray film. [42]
Other associated injuries that may occur include damage to blood vessels in the chest, myocardial rupture, head and abdominal injuries, flail chest, [1] and vertebral fracture. [2] Sternal fractures may also accompany rib fractures and are high-energy enough injuries to cause bronchial tears (ruptures of the bronchioles). [6] They may hinder ...
Rib fractures are the most common injury to the rib cage. These most frequently affect the middle ribs. When several adjacent ribs incur two or more fractures each, this can result in a flail chest which is a life-threatening condition.
Type 3, which are caused by punctures from fractured ribs, occur in the area near the chest wall underlying the broken rib. [18] Also called rib penetration lacerations, type 3 lacerations tend to be small [1] and accompanied by pneumothorax. [18] Commonly, more than one type 3 laceration will occur. [19]
The bony skeletal part of the thoracic wall is the rib cage, and the rest is made up of muscle, skin, and fasciae.. The chest wall has 10 layers, namely (from superficial to deep) skin (epidermis and dermis), superficial fascia, deep fascia and the invested extrinsic muscles (from the upper limbs), intrinsic muscles associated with the ribs (three layers of intercostal muscles), endothoracic ...