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2. Generating Availability Data System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generating_Availability...

   An important statistic calculated from the raw GADS data is the Equivalent Forced Outage Rate (EFOR), which is the hours of unit failure (unplanned outage hours and equivalent unplanned derated hours) given as a percentage of the total hours of the availability of that unit (unplanned outage, unplanned derated, and service hours). [3]

3. Black start - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_start

   Toronto during the Northeast blackout of 2003, which required black-starting of generating stations.. A black start is the process of restoring an electric power station, a part of an electric grid or an industrial plant, to operation without relying on the external electric power transmission network to recover from a total or partial shutdown.

4. Power purchase agreement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_purchase_agreement

   A power purchase agreement (PPA), or electricity power agreement, is a long-term contract between an electricity generator and a customer, usually a utility, government or company. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] PPAs may last anywhere between 5 and 20 years, during which time the power purchaser buys energy at a pre-negotiated price.

5. Availability factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Availability_factor

   With this definition, modern wind turbines which require very little maintenance, have very high availability factors, up to about 98%. Photovoltaic power stations which have few or no moving parts and which can undergo planned inspections and maintenance during night have an availability factor approaching or equal to 100% when the sun is shining.

6. Standby generator - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standby_generator

   Standby generators. A standby generator is a back-up electrical system that operates automatically. [1] Within seconds of a utility outage an automatic transfer switch senses the power loss, commands the generator to start and then transfers the electrical load to the generator. The standby generator begins supplying power to the circuits. [2]

7. Ancillary services - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancillary_services

   An operating reserve is a generator that can quickly be dispatched to ensure that there is sufficient energy generation to meet load. Spinning reserves are generators that are already online and can rapidly increase their power output to meet fast changes in demand. Spinning reserves are required because demand can vary on short timescales and ...