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Lab disk for protein structure analysis via small-angle X-ray scattering. The centrifugal micro-fluidic biochip or centrifugal micro-fluidic biodisk is a type of lab-on-a-chip technology, also known as lab-on-a-disc, that can be used to integrate processes such as separating, mixing, reaction and detecting molecules of nano-size in a single piece of platform, including a compact disk or DVD.
Paper microfluidics (sometimes called lab on paper) is the use of paper substrates in microfabrication to manipulate fluid flow for different applications. [ 3 ] [ 17 ] Paper microfluidics have been applied in paper electrophoresis and immunoassays , the most notable being the commercialized pregnancy test, ClearBlue. [ 3 ]
Whitesides' group also developed a 3D paper-based microfluidic device for glucose detection that can produce calibration curves on-chip because of the improved fluid flow design. [86] This 3D device consists of layers of paper patterned with microfluidic channels that are connected by layers of double-sided adhesive tape with holes.
An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture, integrated circuit (chip) that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of an entire organ or an organ system. [1] [2] It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS.
Microfluidic techniques such as droplet microfluidics, paper microfluidics, and lab-on-a-chip are used in the realm of food science in a variety of categories. [131] Research in nutrition, [132] [133] food processing, and food safety benefit from microfluidic technique because experiments can be done with less reagents. [131]
3D Sarfus image of a DNA biochip. The microarray—the dense, two-dimensional grid of biosensors—is the critical component of a biochip platform. Typically, the sensors are deposited on a flat substrate, which may either be passive (e.g. silicon or glass) or active, the latter consisting of integrated electronics or micromechanical devices that perform or assist signal transduction.
Microfluidics refers to the flow of fluid in channels or networks with at least one dimension on the micron scale. [1] [2] In open microfluidics, also referred to as open surface microfluidics or open-space microfluidics, at least one boundary confining the fluid flow of a system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface such as a second fluid.
HPLC columns can also be built directly into microfluidic lab-chips creating monolithic hybrid devices capable of chemical separation as well as droplet formation and manipulation. [215] [217] Additionally, HPLC is used at the tail end of droplet-based microfluidic chemistry as a way to purify, analyze, and quantify the products of an experiment.