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The war plan of 1911, which was drafted under Rear Admiral Raymond P. Rodgers, included an island-hopping strategy for approaching Japan. [ 7 ] After World War I , the Treaty of Versailles gave Japan a mandate over former German colonies in the western Pacific—specifically, the Mariana , Marshall , and the Caroline Islands.
Individual charts varied so much in form and interpretation that the individual navigator who made the chart was the only person who could fully interpret and use it. The use of stick charts ended after World War II when new electronic technologies made navigation more accessible and travel among islands by canoe lessened.
The 82-day battle on Okinawa itself lasted from April 1, 1945 until June 22, 1945. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were planning to use Kadena Air Base on the island as a staging point for Operation Downfall, the planned invasion of the Japanese home islands, 340 mi (550 km) away.
The American-led island-hopping campaign led to the eventual loss of many of Japan's Oceanian island possessions in the following three years. Eventually, the American military captured Iwo Jima and Okinawa Island , leaving the Japanese mainland unprotected and without a significant naval defense force.
The Island Hopper route was a major contributor to the financial success of Continental Airlines' Micronesia unit in 1995. [3] Round-trip airfare between Honolulu and Guam costs US$960 and one-stop island hop costs US$225 roundtrip in 1996. [3] In 2008, the route accounted for 30% of Continental Micronesia's business. [8]
Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination. Often this occurs via large rafts of floating vegetation such as are sometimes seen floating down major rivers in the tropics and washing out to sea, occasionally with animals trapped on them. [ 1 ]
Tupaia's chart of Polynesia within 3200km of Ra'iatea. 1769, preserved in the British Museum. On his first voyage of Pacific exploration, Captain James Cook had the services of a Polynesian navigator, Tupaia, who drew a chart of the islands within a 2,000 miles (3,200 km) radius (to the north and west) of his home island of Ra'iatea. [40]
Quoting Mrs Blom-Gelderman, recruiting officer in New York City: "The VK-KNIL was founded with a focus on "island hopping". It was thought that the Indies should be conquered island by island and that the troops should go to such an island. And where are the troops, there you need secretaries, medical analysts, pharmacists and doctors.