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Most charts or tables indicate the type of friction factor, or at least provide the formula for the friction factor with laminar flow. If the formula for laminar flow is f = 16 / Re , it is the Fanning factor f, and if the formula for laminar flow is f D = 64 / Re , it is the Darcy–Weisbach factor f D.
R is the pipe radius, A is the cross-sectional area of pipe. The equation does not hold close to the pipe entrance. [8]: 3 The equation fails in the limit of low viscosity, wide and/or short pipe. Low viscosity or a wide pipe may result in turbulent flow, making it necessary to use more complex models, such as the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
Cylindrical coordinates. Along with axial stress and radial stress, circumferential stress is a component of the stress tensor in cylindrical coordinates. It is usually useful to decompose any force applied to an object with rotational symmetry into components parallel to the cylindrical coordinates r, z, and θ. These components of force ...
The Reynolds number has wide applications, ranging from liquid flow in a pipe to the passage of air over an aircraft wing. It is used to predict the transition from laminar to turbulent flow and is used in the scaling of similar but different-sized flow situations, such as between an aircraft model in a wind tunnel and the full-size version.
Thin cylindrical shell with open ends, of radius r and mass m. = [1] The expression ″thin″ indicates that the shell thickness is negligible. It is a special case of the thick-walled cylindrical tube of the same mass for r 1 = r 2. Solid cylinder of radius r, height h and mass m.
In fluid dynamics, the Knudsen equation is used to describe how gas flows through a tube in free molecular flow.When the mean free path of the molecules in the gas is larger than or equal to the diameter of the tube, the molecules will interact more often with the walls of the tube than with each other.
For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross-section is a convex regular polygon, the hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter of a circle inscribed within the wetted perimeter. This can be seen as follows: The N {\displaystyle N} -sided regular polygon is a union of N {\displaystyle N} triangles, each of height D / 2 {\displaystyle D/2 ...
In fluid dynamics, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation is a physical law that gives the pressure drop in a fluid flowing through a long cylindrical pipe. The assumptions of the equation are that the flow is laminar viscous and incompressible and the flow is through a constant circular cross-section that is substantially longer than its diameter.