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A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat.
By considering the structure as a whole and not just the sum of its parts, monocoque construction integrated the skin and frame into a single load-bearing shell with significant improvements to strength and weight. To make the shell, thin strips of wood were laminated into a three dimensional shape; a technique adopted from boat hull construction.
The world's first membrane roof and lattice steel shell in the Shukhov Rotunda, Nizhny Novgorod, All-Russia exhibition, 1895 Geodesic shell of Nagoya Dome by Takenaka Corporation, Nagoya, Japan, 1997. Shell of Kresge Auditorium by Eero Saarinen, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1953.
A concrete shell, also commonly called thin shell concrete structure, is a structure composed of a relatively thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses. The shells are most commonly monolithic domes , but may also take the form of hyperbolic paraboloids , ellipsoids , cylindrical sections, or some ...
A geodesic dome is a hemispherical thin-shell structure (lattice-shell) based on a geodesic polyhedron. The rigid triangular elements of the dome distribute stress throughout the structure, making geodesic domes able to withstand very heavy loads for their size.
Shukhov designed eight tensile structures and thin-shell structures exhibition pavilions for the Nizhny Novgorod Fair of 1896, covering the area of 27,000 square meters. A more recent large-scale use of a membrane-covered tensile structure is the Sidney Myer Music Bowl, constructed in 1958.
The structural system of a high-rise building is designed to cope with vertical gravity loads as well as lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. The structural system consists only of the members designed to carry the loads, and all other members are referred to as non-structural.
The steel gridshell by Vladimir Shukhov (during construction), Vyksa near Nizhny Novgorod, 1897 Multihalle in Mannheim, a wooden gridshell structure designed by Frei Otto Interior of the gridshell Savill Building Solidays Forum: a 350 m 2 glassfibre composite material elastic gridshell, Paris, France, 2011 Ephemeral Cathedral: a 400 m 2 glassfibre composite material elastic gridshell, Créteil ...