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  2. File:Example.pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Example.pdf

    Original file (1,275 × 1,650 pixels, file size: 271 KB, MIME type: application/pdf, 3 pages) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.

  3. PDF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

    HTML Form format HTML 4.01 Specification since PDF 1.5; HTML 2.0 since 1.2 Forms Data Format (FDF) based on PDF, uses the same syntax and has essentially the same file structure, but is much simpler than PDF since the body of an FDF document consists of only one required object. Forms Data Format is defined in the PDF specification (since PDF 1.2).

  4. Bessel's correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel's_correction

    In estimating the population variance from a sample when the population mean is unknown, the uncorrected sample variance is the mean of the squares of deviations of sample values from the sample mean (i.e., using a multiplicative factor 1/n). In this case, the sample variance is a biased estimator of the population variance. Multiplying the ...

  5. Sample mean and covariance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_mean_and_covariance

    The sample covariance matrix has in the denominator rather than due to a variant of Bessel's correction: In short, the sample covariance relies on the difference between each observation and the sample mean, but the sample mean is slightly correlated with each observation since it is defined in terms of all observations.

  6. Arithmetic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic

    It has the symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, M as its basic numerals to represent the numbers 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, and 1000. [33] A numeral system is positional if the position of a basic numeral in a compound expression determines its value. Positional numeral systems have a radix that acts as a multiplicand of the different positions. For each ...

  7. Coefficient of variation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_variation

    The data set [1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 40, 65, 88] has still more variability. Its standard deviation is 32.9 and its average is 27.9, giving a coefficient of variation of 32.9 / 27.9 = 1.18 In these examples, we will take the values given as the entire population of values .

  8. PDF/A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/A

    PDF is a standard for encoding documents in an "as printed" form that is portable between systems. However, the suitability of a PDF file for archival preservation depends on options chosen when the PDF is created: most notably, whether to embed the necessary fonts for rendering the document; whether to use encryption; and whether to preserve additional information from the original document ...

  9. Sampling distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_distribution

    In statistics, a sampling distribution or finite-sample distribution is the probability distribution of a given random-sample-based statistic.If an arbitrarily large number of samples, each involving multiple observations (data points), were separately used to compute one value of a statistic (such as, for example, the sample mean or sample variance) for each sample, then the sampling ...