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In semiconductor devices, problems in the device package may cause failures due to contamination, mechanical stress of the device, or open or short circuits. Failures most commonly occur near the beginning and near the ending of the lifetime of the parts, resulting in the bathtub curve graph of failure rates.
A common type of short circuit occurs when the positive and negative terminals of a battery or a capacitor are connected with a low-resistance conductor, like a wire. With a low resistance in the connection, a high current will flow, causing the delivery of a large amount of energy in a short period of time.
In battery types where EMF remains approximately constant during discharge, but resistance increases, voltage across battery terminals is not a good indicator of capacity. A meter such as an equivalent series resistance meter ( ESR meter ) normally used for measuring the ESR of electrolytic capacitors can be used to evaluate internal resistance ...
The FME(C)A is a design tool used to systematically analyze postulated component failures and identify the resultant effects on system operations. The analysis is sometimes characterized as consisting of two sub-analyses, the first being the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), and the second, the criticality analysis (CA). [3]
Bad contacts are the cause of failure or poor performance in a wide variety of electrical devices. For example, corroded jumper cable clamps can frustrate attempts to start a vehicle that has a low battery. Dirty or corroded contacts on a fuse or its holder can give the false impression that the fuse is blown.
Terminal symbol A terminal strip, to which wires can be soldered. A terminal is the point at which a conductor from a component, device or network comes to an end. [1] Terminal may also refer to an electrical connector at this endpoint, acting as the reusable interface to a conductor and creating a point where external circuits can be connected.
A two-terminal device (e.g., a diode), whose state is completely dependent on the external power circuit to which it is connected. A three-terminal device (e.g., a triode), whose state is dependent on not only its external power circuit, but also the signal on its driving terminal (this terminal is known as the gate or base).
The box is any two-terminal device, such as a battery or solar cell. The two terminals are not connected to anything (an open circuit), so no current can flow into or out of either terminal. The voltage v oc between the terminals is the open-circuit voltage of the device.