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Therapeutic effect refers to the response(s) after a treatment of any kind, the results of which are judged to be useful or favorable. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This is true whether the result was expected, unexpected, or even an unintended consequence .
In pharmacology, the term mechanism of action (MOA) refers to the specific biochemical interaction through which a drug substance produces its pharmacological effect. [2] A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor . [ 3 ]
Toxicodynamics (TD) and pharmacodynamics (PD) link a therapeutic agent or toxicant, or toxin (xenobiotic)'s dosage to the features, amount, and time course of its biological action. [11] The mechanism of action is a crucial factor in determining effect and toxicity of the drug, taking in consideration the pharmacokinetic (PK) factors. [12]
Similarly, one might argue that the class of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) is composed by one element ("disease-modifying") that albeit vaguely designates a mechanism of action, and one element ("anti-rheumatic drug") that indicates its therapeutic use. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) [8]
Cell therapy is targeted at many clinical indications in multiple organs and by several modes of cell delivery. Accordingly, the specific mechanisms of action involved in the therapies are wide-ranging. However, there are two main principles by which cells facilitate therapeutic action:
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect . [ 1 ]
A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis.Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated tx, Tx, or T x.
Gene therapy is a medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells.