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Silicone rubber and glass microfluidic devices. Top: a photograph of the devices. Bottom: Phase contrast micrographs of a serpentine channel ~15 μm wide. The behaviour of fluids at the microscale can differ from "macrofluidic" behaviour in that factors such as surface tension, energy dissipation, and fluidic resistance start to dominate the system.
A microfluidic device was developed to identify improved enzyme production hosts (i.e., cell factories) that can be employed industrially in various fields. [134] An artificial aldolase was further enhanced by 30-fold using droplet-based microfluidics so that its activity resembled that of naturally occurring proteins. [141]
Microfluidics refers to the flow of fluid in channels or networks with at least one dimension on the micron scale. [1] [2] In open microfluidics, also referred to as open surface microfluidics or open-space microfluidics, at least one boundary confining the fluid flow of a system is removed, exposing the fluid to air or another interface such as a second fluid.
Electrowetting, dielectrophoresis, and immiscible-fluid flows are the three most commonly used principles, which have been used to generate and manipulate microdroplets in a digital microfluidic device. A digital microfluidic (DMF) device set-up depends on the substrates used, the electrodes, the configuration of those electrodes, the use of a ...
Although these devices have proven very useful, there are certain disadvantages such as cells sticking to the PDMS surface, small molecules diffusing into the PDMS, and unreacted PDMS polymers washing into cell culture media. [10] The use of 3D cell cultures in microfluidic devices has led to a field of study called organ-on-a-chip. The first ...
Paper-based microfluidics are microfluidic devices that consist of a series of hydrophilic cellulose or nitrocellulose fibers that transport fluid from an inlet through the porous medium to a desired outlet or region of the device, by means of capillary action. [1]
Lab-on-a-chip devices are a subset of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices and sometimes called "micro total analysis systems" (μTAS). LOCs may use microfluidics, the physics, manipulation and study of minute amounts of fluids. However, strictly regarded "lab-on-a-chip" indicates generally the scaling of single or multiple lab ...
Depending upon the geometry of the microfluidic device as well as the flow rates used, droplets can also be formed using a flow focusing device. Microfluidics has a vast potential for single-molecule studies. In order to detect single molecules, it is often necessary to enhance or amplify a signal of interest. [13]