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Manual therapy, or manipulative therapy, is a treatment primarily used by physical therapists and occupational therapists to treat musculoskeletal pain and disability. It mostly includes kneading and manipulation of muscles, joint mobilization and joint manipulation .
Many definitions of joint manipulation have been proposed. [1] The most rigorous definition, based on available empirical research is that of Evans and Lucas: [2] "Separation (gapping) of opposing articular surfaces of a synovial joint, caused by a force applied perpendicularly to those articular surfaces, that results in cavitation within the synovial fluid of that joint."
The International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists defines joint mobilization as "a manual therapy technique comprising a continuum of skilled passive movements that are applied at varying speeds and amplitudes to joints, muscles or nerves with the intent to restore optimal motion, function, and/or to reduce pain." [1]
As such, in all likelihood, the risks with the procedure are relatively low or minimized with current techniques and when patients are properly selected and evaluated by the anaesthesiologist, the medical physician who is providing medical clearance, and the MUA manual therapy practitioner (DC, DO, MD).
For neck pain, manipulation and mobilization produce similar changes, and manual therapy and exercise are more effective than other strategies. [12] A 2015 Cochrane systematic review found that there is no high-quality evidence assessing the effectiveness of spinal manipulation for treating neck pain. [13]
It is the official journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapists and has partnerships with the McKenzie Institute International and OMT-France. It was established in 1992 and is published by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Jean-Michel Brismée, PT, ScD (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center). He was ...