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In thermodynamics, a state variable is an independent variable of a state function. Examples include internal energy, enthalpy, temperature, pressure, volume and entropy. Heat and work are not state functions, but process functions. In electronic / electrical circuits, the voltages of the nodes and the currents through components in the circuit ...
A state function describes equilibrium states of a system, thus also describing the type of system. A state variable is typically a state function so the determination of other state variable values at an equilibrium state also determines the value of the state variable as the state function at that state. The ideal gas law is a good example.
State-space representation. In control engineering and system identification, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system specified as a set of input, output, and variables related by first-order differential equations or difference equations. Such variables, called state variables, evolve over time in a way that ...
Equation of state. In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.
In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol, typically a letter, that holds a place for constants, often numbers. [1][2][3][4][5][6] One say colloquially that the variable represents or denotes the object, and that the object is the value of the variable. Originally, the term "variable" was used primarily for ...
The use of mathematical models to solve problems in business or military operations is a large part of the field of operations research. Mathematical models are also used in music, [3] linguistics, [4] and philosophy (for example, intensively in analytic philosophy). A model may help to explain a system and to study the effects of different ...
Singapore Airlines recently announced its spending around $821 million on a multi-year program to install new long-haul cabin products. Here’s what that means for travelers.
In mathematics, a function is a rule for taking an input (in the simplest case, a number or set of numbers) [5] and providing an output (which may also be a number). [5] A symbol that stands for an arbitrary input is called an independent variable, while a symbol that stands for an arbitrary output is called a dependent variable. [6]