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The GBR principle was first examined by Dahlin et al. in 1988 on rats. The selective ingrowth of bone-forming cells into a bone defect region could be improved if the adjacent tissue is kept away with a membrane; this was confirmed in a study by Kostopoulos and Karring in 1994. GBR can be used for bone regeneration on exposed implant coils . [4]
Bone grafts are used in hopes that the defective bone will be healed or will regrow with little to no graft rejection. [19] Besides the main use of bone grafting – dental implants – this procedure is used to fuse joints to prevent movement, repair broken bones that have bone loss, and repair broken bone that has not yet healed. [19]
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction. [1] [2] After tooth extraction, the jaw bone has a natural tendency to become narrow, and lose its original shape because the bone quickly resorbs, resulting in 30–60% loss in bone volume in the first six months. [3]
IPG-DET technique is a surgical procedure that interfaces with the upper posterior jaw to support dental implants and a future dental prosthesis. [1] [2]The basis of this innovative technique is a biological process called osseointegration where materials, such as titanium, form an intimate bond to bone.
Bone grafting procedures in the jaws have the disadvantage of prolonged treatment time, restriction of denture wear, morbidity of the donor surgical site and graft rejection. [ 4 ] Zygoma implants were first introduced in late 1990s by Dr. Per Ingvar Brånemark , widely acknowledged as the "Father of Dental Implantology".
In cleft palate patients bone grafting during the mixed dentition has been widely accepted since the mid-1960s. The goals of surgery are to stabilize the maxilla, facilitate the healthy eruption of teeth that are adjacent the cleft, improving the esthetics of the base of the nose, create a bone base for dental implants, and to close any oro-nasal fistulas.
The first membranes developed were nonresorbable and required a second surgery for membrane removal some weeks later. The need for a second surgical procedure hindered the utilization of the original barrier membranes, which led to the development of resorbable membranes; [1] research indicates no statistically significant difference in surgical success between the two types.
Plastic operation on hand with graft or implant ( 82.8 ) Other plastic operations on hand ( 82.9 ) Other operations on muscle , tendon , and fascia of hand