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The Constitution of Nepal has empowered CIAA to investigate and probe cases against the persons holding any public office and their associates who are alleged to indulge in the abuse of authority by way of corruption. [1] As a constitutional body, the authority vested on CIAA are as per the Article 238 and 239 of the Constitution of Nepal. [2]
Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), gave Nepal a score of 35. When ranked by score, Nepal ranked 108th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. [2]
The United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) is the only legally binding international anti-corruption multilateral treaty. Negotiated by member states of the United Nations (UN) it was adopted by the UN General Assembly in October 2003 and entered into force in December 2005.
Other Acts or sections amended by this Act remain in place for criminal proceedings and investigations under the Corruption Act 1992 prior to the assent. Section 37. Defines the name of the Act, the date it came into operation and that section 34(2) came into operation on 31 July 2004.
The Prevention of Corruption Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 64) The Prevention of Corruption Acts 1889 to 1916 is the collective title of the Public Bodies Corrupt Practices Act 1889, the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906 and the Prevention of Corruption Act 1916. [1] These Acts were repealed by Schedule 2 of the Bribery Act 2010. [2]
The mafia state phenomenon is an example of institutional corruption. An illegal act by an officeholder constitutes political corruption only if the act is directly related to their official duties, is done under color of law or involves trading in influence. The activities that constitute illegal corruption differ depending on the country or ...
Additionally, while the international instruments only take into account the enrichment of ‘public officials’ or ‘government officials’, many countries take a much broader interpretation in their own laws and define illicit enrichment as an act that can be committed by ‘any person’ (e.g. Rwanda).
Grand corruption is defined as corruption occurring at the highest levels of government in a way that requires significant subversion of the political, legal and economic systems. Such corruption is commonly found in countries with authoritarian or dictatorial governments but also in those without adequate policing of corruption.