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The Huygens–Fresnel principle (named after Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens and French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel) states that every point on a wavefront is itself the source of spherical wavelets, and the secondary wavelets emanating from different points mutually interfere. [1] The sum of these spherical wavelets forms a new wavefront.
The principle yields an equivalent problem for a radiation problem by introducing an imaginary closed surface and fictitious surface current densities.It is an extension of Huygens–Fresnel principle, which describes each point on a wavefront as a spherical wave source.
Fresnel subsequently became aware of Huygens's work and adapted Huygens's principle to give a complete explanation of the rectilinear propagation and diffraction effects of light in 1821. The principle is now known as the Huygens–Fresnel Principle. [1] [5]
The Huygens–Fresnel principle can be derived by integrating over a different closed surface (the boundary of some volume having an observation point P). The area A 1 above is replaced by a part of a wavefront (emitted from a P 0 ) at r 0 , which is the closest to the aperture, and a portion of a cone with a vertex at P 0 , which is labeled A ...
Notation for calculating the wave amplitude at point P 1 from a spherical point source at P 0.. At the heart of Fresnel's wave theory is the Huygens–Fresnel principle, which states that every unobstructed point of a wavefront becomes the source of a secondary spherical wavelet and that the amplitude of the optical field E at a point on the screen is given by the superposition of all those ...
He restated Huygens's principle in combination with the superposition principle, saying that the vibration at each point on a wavefront is the sum of the vibrations that would be sent to it at that moment by all the elements of the wavefront in any of its previous positions, all elements acting separately (see Huygens–Fresnel principle). For ...
The Huygens–Fresnel principle describes diffraction of wave propagation between two fields. It belongs to Fourier optics rather than geometric optics. The disturbance of diffraction depends on two circumstance parameters, the size of aperture and the interfiled distance.
Christiaan Huygens' construction. In his 1678 Traité de la Lumière, Christiaan Huygens showed how Snell's law of sines could be explained by, or derived from, the wave nature of light, using what we have come to call the Huygens–Fresnel principle.