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Water can get into diesel fuel as a result of condensation, rainwater penetration or adsorption from the air — modern biodiesel is especially hygroscopic. The presence of water then encourages microbial growth which either occurs at the interface between the oil and water or on the tank walls, depending on whether the microbes need oxygen.
Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF; also known as AUS 32 and sometimes marketed as AdBlue [3]) is a liquid used to reduce the amount of air pollution created by a diesel engine. Specifically, DEF is an aqueous urea solution made with 32.5% urea and 67.5% deionized water .
Fuel tanks of a capacity greater than 25 US gallons must adhere to specifications for spillage, leakage, mounting, impact survivability, weld requirements, venting and a host of other stipulations. The regulations require side-mounted fuel tanks to survive a 30-foot drop test, while non-side-mounted fuel tanks must survive a 10-foot drop test.
A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines, plumbing, gas cylinders, boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in visual leak detection , and pressurization of the vessel to the specified ...
Low-output electric heaters in fuel tanks and around fuel lines are a way to extend the fluid characteristics of diesel fuel. This is a standard equipment in vehicles that operate in arctic weather conditions. [2] As the fuel filter is the first point to become clogged up, most diesel motor cars are equipped with a filter heater.
In sidevalve engines the head is a simple plate of metal containing the spark plugs and possibly heat dissipation fins. In more modern overhead valve and overhead camshaft engines, the head is a more complicated metal block that also contains the inlet and exhaust passages, and often coolant passages, Valvetrain components, and fuel injectors.
In fluid dynamics, head is a concept that relates the energy in an incompressible fluid to the height of an equivalent static column of that fluid. From Bernoulli's principle, the total energy at a given point in a fluid is the kinetic energy associated with the speed of flow of the fluid, plus energy from static pressure in the fluid, plus energy from the height of the fluid relative to an ...
A small amount of fuel in a tank is more dangerous than a large amount, since it takes less heat to raise the temperature of the remaining fuel. This causes the ullage fuel-to-air ratio to increase and exceed the lower flammability limit. A small amount of fuel in the tank leaves pumps on the floor of the tank exposed to the air-fuel mixture ...