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In the natural sciences, a vector quantity (also known as a vector physical quantity, physical vector, or simply vector) is a vector-valued physical quantity. [9] [10] It is typically formulated as the product of a unit of measurement and a vector numerical value (), often a Euclidean vector with magnitude and direction.
The following are important identities in vector algebra.Identities that only involve the magnitude of a vector ‖ ‖ and the dot product (scalar product) of two vectors A·B, apply to vectors in any dimension, while identities that use the cross product (vector product) A×B only apply in three dimensions, since the cross product is only defined there.
A multivector that is the exterior product of linearly independent vectors is called a blade, and is said to be of grade . [f] A multivector that is the sum of blades of grade is called a (homogeneous) multivector of grade . From the axioms, with closure, every multivector of the geometric algebra is a sum of blades.
A linear subspace or vector subspace W of a vector space V is a non-empty subset of V that is closed under vector addition and scalar multiplication; that is, the sum of two elements of W and the product of an element of W by a scalar belong to W. [10] This implies that every linear combination of elements of W belongs to W. A linear subspace ...
Vector algebra relations — regarding operations on individual vectors such as dot product, cross product, etc. Vector calculus identities — regarding operations on vector fields such as divergence, gradient, curl, etc.
Geometric algebra (GA) is an extension or completion of vector algebra (VA). [1] The reader is herein assumed to be familiar with the basic concepts and operations of VA and this article will mainly concern itself with operations in the GA of 3D space (nor is this article intended to be mathematically rigorous).
The dotted vector, in this case B, is differentiated, while the (undotted) A is held constant. The utility of the Feynman subscript notation lies in its use in the derivation of vector and tensor derivative identities, as in the following example which uses the algebraic identity C⋅(A×B) = (C×A)⋅B:
In the study of geometric algebras, a k-blade or a simple k-vector is a generalization of the concept of scalars and vectors to include simple bivectors, trivectors, etc. Specifically, a k-blade is a k-vector that can be expressed as the exterior product (informally wedge product) of 1-vectors, and is of grade k. In detail: [1] A 0-blade is a ...