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The Wilhelmy plate tensiometer requires a plate to make contact with the liquid surface. It is widely considered the simplest and most accurate method for surface tension measurement. Due to a large wetted length of the platinum plate, the surface tension reading is typically very stable compared to alternative methods.
One of the useful methods to determine the dynamic surface tension is measuring the "maximum bubble pressure method" or, simply, bubble pressure method. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Bubble pressure tensiometer produces gas bubbles (ex. air) at constant rate and blows them through a capillary which is submerged in the sample liquid and its radius is already known.
Surface tension is an important factor in the phenomenon of capillarity. Surface tension has the dimension of force per unit length, or of energy per unit area. [4] The two are equivalent, but when referring to energy per unit of area, it is common to use the term surface energy, which is a more general term in the sense that it applies also to ...
The du Noüy–Padday method is a minimized version of the du Noüy ring method replacing the large platinum ring with a thin rod that is used to measure equilibrium surface tension or dynamic surface tension at an air–liquid interface. In this method, the rod is oriented perpendicular to the interface, and the force exerted on it is measured.
A classical torsion wire-based du Noüy ring tensiometer. The arrow on the left points to the ring itself. The most common correction factors include Zuidema–Waters correction factors (for liquids with low interfacial tension), Huh–Mason correction factors (which cover a wider range than Zuidema–Waters), and Harkins–Jordan correction factors (more precise than Huh–Mason, while still ...
[1] The stalagmometric method (Ancient Greek: στάλαγμα, romanized: stálagma, lit. 'drop') is one of the most common methods for measuring surface tension. The principle is to measure the weight of drops of a fluid of interest falling from a capillary glass tube, and thereby calculate the surface tension of the fluid. We can determine ...
The spinning drop method is convenient compared to other widely used methods for obtaining interfacial tension, because contact angle measurement is not required. Another advantage of the spinning drop method is that it is not necessary to estimate the curvature at the interface, which entails complexities associated with shape of the fluid drop.
This method is especially used to compare and measure the critical surface tension of low-energy solids (mainly plastics) very quickly and easily. Figure 4 in ZIsman's published article from 1964 [1] shows the critical surface tension as a measure of wettability of Polyethylene. Zisman published this analysis in 1964 and used a variety of ...