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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics.It is a colourless solid which is soluble in most common organic solvents, but has very poor solubility in water.
Epichlorohydrin (abbreviated ECH) is an organochlorine compound and an epoxide. Despite its name, it is not a halohydrin . It is a colorless liquid with a pungent, garlic-like odor, moderately soluble in water, but miscible with most polar organic solvents . [ 4 ]
Further, TBBPA structurally mimics the thyroid hormone thyroxin (T 4) and can bind more strongly to the transport protein transthyretin than T 4 does, likely interfering with normal T 4 activity. TBBPA likely also suppresses immune responses by inhibiting expression of CD25 receptors on T cells , preventing their activation, and by reducing ...
HOC 6 H 4 CH 2 OH + HOC 6 H 5 → (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CH 2 + H 2 O 2 HOC 6 H 4 CH 2 OH → (HOC 6 H 4 CH 2) 2 O + H 2 O. The diphenol (HOC 6 H 4) 2 CH 2 (sometimes called a "dimer") is called bisphenol F, which is an important monomer in the production of epoxy resins. Bisphenol-F can further link generating tri- and tetra-and higher phenol oligomers.
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether slowly hydrolyzes to 2,2-bis[4(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl)propane (bis-HPPP). Similarly, DGEBA reacts with acrylic acid to give vinyl ester resins . The reaction results in opening of the epoxide ring, generating unsaturated esters at each terminus of the molecule.
The bisphenols (/ ˈ b ɪ s f ɪ n ɒ l /) are a group of industrial chemical compounds related to diphenylmethane; commonly used in the creation of plastics and epoxy resins. [1] [2] [3] Most are based on two hydroxyphenyl functional groups linked by a methylene bridge.
The industrial synthesis of 4,4′-biphenol was developed by Allan Hay in the 1960s. [2] [3] As the direct oxidative coupling of phenol gives a mixture of isomers, [4] [5] 4,4′-biphenol is instead prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, where para-coupling is the only possibility. [3]
A polymer is a substance composed of macromolecules. The latter usually have a range of molar masses (unit g mol −1), the distributions of which are indicated by dispersity (Đ). It is defined as the ratio of the mass-average molar mass (M m) to the number-average molar mass (M n) i.e. Đ = M m /M n. [4]