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Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
Potassium chlorate can be produced in small amounts by disproportionation in a sodium hypochlorite solution followed by metathesis reaction with potassium chloride: [7] 3 NaOCl → 2 NaCl + NaClO 3 KCl + NaClO 3 → NaCl + KClO 3. It can also be produced by passing chlorine gas into a hot solution of caustic potash: [8] 3 Cl 2 + 6 KOH → KClO ...
KCl has a face-centered cubic Bravais lattice. However, the K + and the Cl − ion have the same number of electrons and are quite close in size, so that the diffraction pattern becomes essentially the same as for a simple cubic structure with half the lattice parameter.
Potassium chlorite is a colorless hygroscopic crystal that deliquesces in the air. It decomposes upon heating into potassium chloride and oxygen, emitting light. KClO 2 → KCl + O 2. Potassium chlorite forms orthorhombic cmcm crystals and has been reported to decompose within hours at room temperature. [1] [2] It is an oxidizing agent.
This method of producing potassium hydroxide remained dominant until the late 19th century, when it was largely replaced by the current method of electrolysis of potassium chloride solutions. [11] The method is analogous to the manufacture of sodium hydroxide (see chloralkali process): 2 KCl + 2 H 2 O → 2 KOH + Cl 2 + H 2
Examples of such crystals are the alkali halides, including potassium fluoride (KF), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium bromide (KBr), potassium iodide (KI), sodium fluoride (NaF). [1] Sodium chloride (NaCl) has a 6:6 co-ordination. The properties of NaCl reflect the strong interactions that exist between the ions.
Dissociation diagram of phosphoric acid Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts , or complexes ) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals , usually in a reversible manner.
K occurs in natural potassium in sufficient quantity that large bags of potassium chloride commercial salt substitutes can be used as a radioactive source for classroom demonstrations. [citation needed] 40 K is the largest source of natural radioactivity in healthy animals and humans, greater even than 14 C.