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Activated sludge tank at Beckton sewage treatment plant, UK.The white bubbles are due to the diffused air aeration system. The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa.
Aeration tank of activated sludge sewage treatment plant (fine-bubble diffusers) near Adelaide, Australia. Examples for more high-tech, intensive or mechanized, often relatively expensive sewage treatment systems are listed below. Some of them are energy intensive as well. Many of them provide a very high level of treatment.
Powdered Activated Carbon Treatment (PACT) is a wastewater technology in which powdered activated carbon [1] [2] is added to an anaerobic or aerobic treatment system. [3] The carbon in the biological treatment process adsorbs recalcitrant compounds that are not readily biodegradable, thereby reducing the chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater and removing toxins. [4]
SBRs treat wastewater such as sewage or output from anaerobic digesters or mechanical biological treatment facilities in batches. Oxygen is bubbled through the mixture of wastewater and activated sludge to reduce the organic matter (measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The treated effluent may be ...
Membrane bioreactors can be used to reduce the footprint of an activated sludge sewage treatment system by removing some of the liquid components of the mixed liquor. This leaves a concentrated waste product that is then treated using the activated sludge process.
Mechanized sewage treatment typically includes settling in a primary clarifier, followed by biological treatment and a secondary clarifier. Both clarifiers produce waste sludge requiring sewage sludge treatment and disposal. Activated sludge agitates a portion of the secondary clarifier sludge in the primary clarifier effluent.
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