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Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, and low blood pressure. [12] Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse . [ 12 ] If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. [ 12 ]
Opioids, such as fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone, are used to treat post-surgery pain and chronic pain. [6] Opioids work by affecting the brain cells and reducing the perception of pain. [7] Other side effects include euphoria, mood changes, and the clouding or complete loss of consciousness. [8]
An opioid overdose is toxicity due to excessive consumption of opioids, such as morphine, codeine, heroin, fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] This preventable pathology can be fatal if it leads to respiratory depression , a lethal condition that can cause hypoxia from slow and shallow breathing. [ 3 ]
Activation of the μ-opioid receptor by an agonist such as morphine causes analgesia, sedation, slightly reduced blood pressure, itching, nausea, euphoria, decreased respiration, miosis (constricted pupils), and decreased bowel motility often leading to constipation. Some of these effects, such as analgesia, sedation, euphoria, itching and ...
The singer Prince was a frequent user of painkillers and died of an overdose of fentanyl. [33] Sedatives have potent, dose-dependent CNS depressant effects. [24] These drugs exert a calming effect and may also induce sleepiness. [34] Sedative-hypnotic medications are commonly prescribed for anti-anxiety or sleeping aid purposes. [35]
In 2013, 14 people in Manchester, New Hampshire, died of drug overdose. Last year, this number increased to 69 fatal overdoses -- but what's even more alarming is the rise in overdose deaths ...
Drug overdose was the leading cause of injury death in 2013. Among people 25 to 64 years old, drug overdose caused more deaths than motor vehicle traffic crashes. There were 43,982 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2013. Of these, 22,767 (51.8%) were related to prescription drugs. [33]
The metabolic half-life is 8 to 59 hours (approximately 24 hours for opioid-tolerant people, and 55 hours for opioid-naive people), as opposed to a half-life of 1 to 5 hours for morphine. [12] The length of the half-life of methadone allows for the exhibition of respiratory depressant effects for an extended duration of time in opioid-naive people.