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Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin; French pronunciation: [ʒɑ̃ ʒak dɛsalin]; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was the first Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution.
King Henri I of the Kingdom of Haiti. The Kingdom of Haiti, [1] or Kingdom of Hayti [2] (French: Royaume d'Haïti; [3] [4] Haitian Creole: Wayòm an Ayiti), was the state established by Henri Christophe on 28 March 1811 when he proclaimed himself King Henri I after having previously ruled as president of the State of Haiti, in the northern part of the country.
The 1804 Haiti massacre, also referred to as the Haitian genocide, [1] [2] [3] was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against much of the remaining European population in Haiti, which mainly included French people.
Posthumous portrait of Jean-Jacques Dessalines. The French army were defeated in November 1803, and Dessalines proclaimed Haiti's independence the following January. As Emperor, Dessalines enforced plantation labor to promote the economy and began a dictatorship. [6]
Fearing the return of the French to the island, Dessalines and Henri Christophe built forts to fend them off.. Emperor Jacques I of the First Empire of Haiti. On October 8, 1804, he was crowned Emperor under the name of Jacques I of Haiti, in Cap-Haïtien under the title His Majesty Jacques I, Emperor.
Abdaraya Toya "Victoria Montou" (Circa 1739–1805) was a Dahomey warrior and freedom fighter in the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines during the Haitian Revolution.Before the Revolution she and Dessalines had been enslaved on the same estate, and the two remained close throughout her life, with Dessalines calling her his aunt.
Dessalines (French pronunciation:; Haitian Creole: Desalin) usually referred to as Marchand-Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Machan Desalin), is a commune in the Artibonite department of Haiti. It is named after Jean-Jacques Dessalines , a leader of the Haitian Revolution and the first ruler and emperor of independent Haiti.
Champs de Mars contains a number of statues of Haiti's founding fathers, including Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Alexander Pétion and Henri Christophe. [3] The Musée du Panthéon National Haïtien featuring Haitian history, art and culture is located at Champ de Mars.