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The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is an ongoing study of over 27,000 women that began in 1991, with the most recent analyses suggesting that, when initiated within 10 years of menopause, HRT reduces all-cause mortality and risks of coronary disease, osteoporosis, and dementia; after 10 years the beneficial effects on mortality and coronary ...
Adverse effects of tamoxifen include hot flashes and an increase in the risk of developing endometrial cancer compared to women of similar age. [ 8 ] [ 4 ] Toremifene , a chlorinated tamoxifen derivative developed to avoid hepatic carcinomas , was associated with fewer DNA adducts in the liver than tamoxifen in preclinical studies .
Tamoxifen, sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to prevent breast cancer in women and men. [15] It is also being studied for other types of cancer. [15] It has been used for Albright syndrome. [16] Tamoxifen is typically taken daily by mouth for five years for breast cancer. [16]
Estrogen deprivation therapy, also known as endocrine therapy, is a form of hormone therapy that is used in the treatment of breast cancer.Modalities include antiestrogens or estrogen blockers such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, selective estrogen receptor degraders such as fulvestrant, and aromatase inhibitors such as anastrozole and ovariectomy.
A report in September 2009 from Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality suggests that tamoxifen, raloxifene, and tibolone used to reduce the risk of breast cancer significantly reduce the occurrence of invasive breast cancer in midlife and older women, but also increase the risk of adverse effects. [31]
Sivifene (A-007) was initially thought to be a SERM due to its structural similarity to tamoxifen but it was subsequently found not to bind to the estrogen receptor (ER). [8] Tesmilifene (DPPE; YMB-1002, BMS-217380-01) is also structurally related to tamoxifen but similarly does not bind to the ER and is not a SERM. [9] [10]
Jordan, V.C. A current view of tamoxifen for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer (Gaddum Memorial Lecture)" British Journal of Pharmacology 110:507-517, 1993. (257 citations as of May 26, 2021). Jordan, V.C. and Morrow, M.M. Tamoxifen, raloxifene and the prevention of breast cancer. Endocrine Reviews 20:253-278, 1999.
Dora Nellie Richardson (1919-1998) was an organic chemist who first synthesised Tamoxifen in England in 1962. [1] She was born on 1 June 1919 and died in September 1998 in England. [2] Richardson decided to become a chemist after seeing people working in hospital laboratories while visiting her grandmother in hospital in London.