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In 1988, the Israeli botanist Daniel Zohary and the German botanist Maria Hopf formulated their founder crops hypothesis. They proposed that eight plant species were domesticated by early Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia (Fertile Crescent) and went on to form the basis of agricultural economies across much of Eurasia, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, Europe, and North ...
Humans foraged for wild cereals, seeds, and nuts thousands of years before they were domesticated; wild wheat and barley, for example, were gathered in the Levant at least 23,000 years ago. [51] [14] Neolithic societies in West Asia first began to cultivate and then domesticate some of these plants around 13,000 to 11,000 years ago. [14]
Before their domestication, domesticated plants and animals were exploited in the form of gathering and hunting, with the methods and techniques required for domestication already known at the end of the Palaeolithic. Between 9500 and 8500 B.C., “pre-domestic” forms of agriculture were introduced; plants still had a wild character, but ...
The region was the centre of domestication for three cereals (einkorn wheat, emmer wheat and barley), four legumes (lentil, pea, bitter vetch and chickpea), and flax. Domestication was a slow process that unfolded across multiple regions, and was preceded by centuries if not millennia of pre-domestication cultivation.
This map shows the sites of domestication for a number of crop plants. Places, where crops were initially domesticated, are called centers of origin. This is a list of plants that have been domesticated by humans. The list includes individual plant species identified by their common names as well as larger formal and informal botanical ...
Domestic pigs had multiple centres of origin in Eurasia, including Europe, East Asia and Southwest Asia, [36] where wild boar were first domesticated about 10,500 years ago. [37] Sheep were domesticated in Mesopotamia between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC. [38] Cattle were domesticated from the wild aurochs in the areas of modern Turkey and India ...
10,000 BC: Wheat is cultivated in what is now Iraq. 9th millennium BC: Barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare) is domesticated in the Fertile Crescent in West Asia. The earliest remains of barley have been discovered at Neolithic sites in West Asia, including Jericho (Palestine) and Abu Hureyra (Syria) from about 8500 years BC.
Wheat was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Bread is found in Neolithic sites in Turkey and Europe from around 9,100 years ago. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ]