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The equation defining a plane curve expressed in polar coordinates is known as a polar equation. In many cases, such an equation can simply be specified by defining r as a function of φ. The resulting curve then consists of points of the form (r(φ), φ) and can be regarded as the graph of the polar function r.
The p-th polar of a C for a natural number p is defined as Δ Q p f(x, y, z) = 0. This is a curve of degree n−p. When p is n−1 the p-th polar is a line called the polar line of C with respect to Q. Similarly, when p is n−2 the curve is called the polar conic of C.
A polar diagram could refer to: Polar area diagram, a type of pie chart; Radiation pattern, in antenna theory; A diagram based on polar coordinates; Spherical coordinate system, the three-dimensional form of a polar response curve; In sailing, a Polar diagram is a graph that shows a sailing boats potential wind speed over a range of wind and ...
The species–area relationship or species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area. Larger areas tend to contain larger numbers of species, and empirically, the relative numbers seem to follow systematic mathematical relationships. [ 1 ]
Archimedean spiral represented on a polar graph The Archimedean spiral has the property that any ray from the origin intersects successive turnings of the spiral in points with a constant separation distance (equal to 2 πb if θ is measured in radians ), hence the name "arithmetic spiral".
Conversely, the polar line (or polar) of a point Q in a circle C is the line L such that its closest point P to the center of the circle is the inversion of Q in C. If a point A lies on the polar line q of another point Q, then Q lies on the polar line a of A. More generally, the polars of all the points on the line q must pass through its pole Q.
The plotted spiral (dashed blue curve) is based on growth rate parameter =, resulting in a pitch of . In several natural phenomena one may find curves that are close to being logarithmic spirals. Here follow some examples and reasons:
Bergmann's rule - Penguins on the Earth (mass m, height h) [1] Bergmann's rule is an ecogeographical rule that states that, within a broadly distributed taxonomic clade, populations and species of larger size are found in colder environments, while populations and species of smaller size are found in warmer regions.