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Water intoxication can be prevented if a person's intake of water does not grossly exceed their losses. Healthy kidneys can excrete approximately 800 millilitres to one litre of fluid water (0.84–1.04 quarts) per hour. [15] However, stress (from prolonged physical exertion), as well as disease states, can greatly reduce this amount. [15]
(One study found that cognitive impairment starts to become noticeable when you lose 2.8% of your body weight in fluid—which can happen when you do high-intensity exercise without drinking more ...
You can still be proactive about hydrating before an event, but you don’t have to go overboard. Hyperhydration isn’t like carb-loading; you don’t have to start it several days before an event.
The symptoms of dehydration become increasingly severe with greater total body water loss. A body water loss of 1-2%, considered mild dehydration, is shown to impair cognitive performance. [ 8 ] While in people over age 50, the body's thirst sensation diminishes with age, a study found that there was no difference in fluid intake between young ...
McEwen and Stellar (1993) argued there is a "hidden cost of chronic stress to the body over long time periods". [8] That is often known as allostatic load. Chronic stress can cause the allostasis system to overstimulate in response to the persistent threat. [7] And such overstimulation can lead to an adverse impact.
A stressor is a chemical or biological agent, environmental condition, external stimulus or an event seen as causing stress to an organism. [1] Psychologically speaking, a stressor can be events or environments that individuals might consider demanding, challenging, and/or threatening individual safety.
In humans, a significant drop in tissue hydration can lead to the medical condition of dehydration. This may result from loss of water itself, loss of electrolytes, or a loss of blood plasma. Administration of hydrational fluids as part of sound dehydration management is necessary to avoid severe complications, and in some cases, death.
For example, in the context of depression, the diathesis-stress model can help explain why Person A may become depressed while Person B does not, even when exposed to the same stressors. [7] More recently, the diathesis-stress model has been used to explain why some individuals are more at risk for developing a disorder than others. [9]