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Socket AM4 is a PGA microprocessor socket used by AMD's central processing units (CPUs) built on the Zen (including Zen+, Zen 2 and Zen 3) and Excavator microarchitectures. [1] [2] AM4 was launched in September 2016 and was designed to replace the sockets AM3+, FM2+ and FS1b as a single platform.
Model Release date PCIe support [a] Multi-GPU USB support [b] Storage features Processor overclocking TDP CPU support Architecture Part number CrossFire SLI SATA ports RAID AMD StoreMI
A DuPont R-134a refrigerant. A refrigerant is a working fluid used in cooling, heating or reverse cooling and heating of air conditioning systems and heat pumps where they undergo a repeated phase transition from a liquid to a gas and back again.
The choice of working fluids is known to have a significant impact on the thermodynamic as well as economic performance of the cycle. A suitable fluid must exhibit favorable physical, chemical, environmental, safety and economic properties such as low specific volume (high density), viscosity, toxicity, flammability, ozone depletion potential (ODP), global warming potential (GWP) and cost, as ...
Water and oil cannot exceed 33 and 2ppm respectively. Ammonia refrigerant is stored in pressurized containers. When the pressure is released it undergoes rapid evaporation causing the temperature of the liquid to drop until it reaches its boiling point of -33 °C (-28 °F), which makes it useful in refrigeration systems.
Mineral oil used with R-12 is not compatible with R-134a. Some oils designed for conversion to R-134a are advertised as compatible with residual R-12 mineral oil. Illegal replacements for R-12 include highly flammable hydrocarbon blends such as HC-12a , the flammability of which has caused injuries and deaths.
Betaine is a similar coolant, with the exception that it is made from pure plant juice, and is not toxic or difficult to dispose of ecologically. [ 1 ] Very pure deionized water , due to its relatively low electrical conductivity , is used to cool some electrical equipment, often high-power transmitters and high-power vacuum tubes .
API—American Petroleum Institute (oil) APPA—American Public Power Association (electricity) APR—Actual peak reduction (e.g. in demand response systems) (electricity) AQCR—Air Quality Control Region (US) (environment) ARA—(in shipping) ports of Amsterdam – Rotterdam – Antwerp (oil) ARR—Auction Revenue Rights (electricity)