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  2. Histamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine

    It has been known for more than one hundred years that an intravenous injection of histamine causes a fall in the blood pressure. [30] The underlying mechanism concerns both vascular hyperpermeability and vasodilation. Histamine binding to endothelial cells causes them to contract, thus increasing vascular leak.

  3. Inflammation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammation

    Stimulates histamine release by mast cells, thereby producing vasodilation. It is also able to act as a chemoattractant to direct cells via chemotaxis to the site of inflammation. Factor XII (Hageman Factor) Liver: A protein that circulates inactively, until activated by collagen, platelets, or exposed basement membranes via conformational ...

  4. Histamine intolerance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_intolerance

    The manifestations of histamine intolerance are usually systemic, affecting the entire body; still, these symptoms are often sporadic and non-specific. [5] [6] [7] The onset of symptoms is usually shortly (within a few hours) after specific food or drink consumption, and subsequent remission usually happens in 4-8 weeks of dieting, [8] that is excluding food that causes the onset of symptoms.

  5. Vasodilation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasodilation

    Immune effector cells can more easily attach to selectins expressed on endothelial cells when blood is flowing slowly, enabling these cells to exit the blood vessel via diapedesis. [ 13 ] Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction characterized by elevated vascular permeability, systemic vasodilation, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and ...

  6. Degranulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degranulation

    Degranulation in mast cells is part of an inflammatory response, and substances such as histamine are released. Granules from mast cells mediate processes such as "vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, innate and adaptive immune responses, angiogenesis, and venom detoxification."

  7. Bradykinin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradykinin

    Bradykinin (BK) (from Greek brady-'slow' + -kinin, kīn(eîn) 'to move') is a peptide that promotes inflammation.It causes arterioles to dilate (enlarge) via the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and makes veins constrict, via prostaglandin F2, thereby leading to leakage into capillary beds, due to the increased pressure in the capillaries.

  8. Histamine N-methyltransferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histamine_N-methyltransferase

    Histamine N-methyltransferase is encoded by a single gene, called HNMT, which has been mapped to chromosome 2 in humans. [5]Three transcript variants have been identified for this gene in humans, which produce different protein isoforms [6] [5] due to alternative splicing, which allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding particular exons of a gene in the final ...

  9. Shock (circulatory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)

    Anaphylactic shock is caused by a severe anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug, or foreign protein causing the release of histamine which causes widespread vasodilation, leading to hypotension and increased capillary permeability. Signs of anaphylaxis Signs typically occur after exposure to an allergen and may include: