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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the broad mandate under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321 et seq.) to assure the safety and effectiveness of animal drugs and their use in all animals, including farm animals. The division of the FDA responsible for this is the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). [1]
Drug use in animals may refer to: Animal drug, pharmaceuticals intended for use in animals, especially livestock; Effect of psychoactive drugs on animals, as a result of research studies; Recreational drug use in animals, a behavior in which animals seek out intoxicants for their pleasurable effects; Zoopharmacognosy, a behavior in which ...
There are three different types of new animal drug applications: [1] NADA – A NADA is used to seek approval of a new animal drug. ANADA – An ANADA is used to seek approval of a generic new animal drug. A generic new animal drug is a copy of an approved new animal drug for which patents or other periods of exclusivity are near expiration.
Psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, caffeine, amphetamine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, chloral hydrate, theophylline, IBMX and others, have been studied on certain animals. It is believed that plants developed caffeine as a chemical defense against insects.
The Animal Drug Availability Act 1996 (ADAA) is a United States federal law. President Clinton signed the ADAA into law in October 1996. While still obligated to public health concerns, the Act intends more rapid drug approval and medicated feed approval to assist the animal health industry.
Minor animal species include animals other than cattle, swine, chickens, turkeys, horses, dogs, and cats. CVM monitors the safety of animal foods and medications. Much of the center's work focuses on animal medications used in food animals to ensure that significant drug residues are not present in the meat or other products from these animals.
Animal-derived drugs are a major source of modern medications used around the world. [ 2 ] [ 17 ] The use of these drugs can cause certain animals to become endangered or threatened ; however, it is difficult to identify the animal species used in medicine since animal-derived drugs are often processed, which degrades their DNA .
pentobarbital – humane euthanasia of animals not to be used for food; pentoxyfylline – xanthine derivative used in as an antiinflammatory drug and in the prevention of endotoxemia; pergolide – dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses; phenobarbital – anti-convulsant used for ...