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Saltwater is 0.444 psi/ft (2.5% higher than fresh water but this not general and depends on salt concentration in water) Pore pressure in the rock could be as high as 1.0 psi/ft of depth (19.25 lb/gal) A well with 5,000 feet of seawater and 15,000 feet of rock could have an overburden pressures at the bottom as high as 17,220 psi (5000 * 0.444 ...
In the oil industry, estimated pore pressure is measured in pounds per square inch (psi), but is converted to equivalent mud weight and measured in pounds per gallon (lb/gal) to more easily determine the amount of mud weight required to prevent the fluid or gas from escaping and causing a blowout or wellbore failure.
Feet of water is an alternative way to specify pressure as height of a water column; it is conventionally equated to 2,989.067 pascals (0.4335275 psi). [ 3 ] In North America , air and other industrial gases are often measured in inches of water when at low pressure.
Pressure sensors can alternatively be called pressure transducers, pressure transmitters, pressure senders, pressure indicators, piezometers and manometers, among other names. Pressure is an expression of the force required to stop a fluid from expanding, and is usually stated in terms of force per unit area.
HSP = 0.052 × MW × TVD', where MW (Mud Weight or density) is the drilling-fluid density in pounds per gallon (ppg), TVD is the true vertical depth in feet and HSP is the hydrostatic pressure in psi. The 0.052 is needed as the conversion factor to psi unit of HSP. [10] [11] To convert these units to SI units, one can use: 1 ppg ≈ 119.826 ...
pound (avoirdupois) per cubic foot lb/ft 3: ≡ lb/ft 3: ≈ 16.018 463 37 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per cubic inch lb/in 3: ≡ lb/in 3: ≈ 2.767 990 471 × 10 4 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (imperial) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 99.776 372 66 kg/m 3: pound (avoirdupois) per gallon (US fluid) lb/gal ≡ lb/gal ≈ 119.826 4273 kg/m 3 ...
120–290 psi Pressure used in boilers of steam locomotives [citation needed] 1.1 MPa 162 psi Pressure of an average human bite [citation needed] 2.8–8.3 MPa 400–1,200 psi Pressure of carbon dioxide propellant in a paintball gun [64] 5 MPa 700 psi Water pressure of the output of a coin-operated car wash spray nozzle [58] 5 MPa 700 psi
Fluids exert pressure, and this pressure comes from the density and height of the fluid column. Oil companies typically measure density in pounds per gallon (ppg) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m 3) and pressure measurement in pounds per square inch (psi) or bar or pascal (Pa). Pressure increases with fluid density.