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The Schwarzschild radius or the gravitational radius is a physical parameter in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein's field equations that corresponds to the radius defining the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass.
It turns out that curves of constant r-coordinate in Schwarzschild coordinates always look like hyperbolas bounded by a pair of event horizons at 45 degrees, while lines of constant t-coordinate in Schwarzschild coordinates always look like straight lines at various angles passing through the center of the diagram.
When plotting Eddington–Finkelstein diagrams, surfaces of constant u or v are usually drawn as cones, with u or v constant lines drawn as sloping at 45 degree rather than as planes (see for instance Box 31.2 of MTW). Some sources instead take ′ = (), corresponding to planar surfaces in such diagrams.
Albert Einstein, who had developed his theory of general relativity in 1915, initially denied the possibility of black holes, [4] even though they were a genuine implication of the Schwarzschild metric, obtained by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, the first known non-trivial exact solution to Einstein's field equations. [1]
Since the Schwarzschild metric is expected to be valid only for those radii larger than the radius R of the gravitating body, there is no problem as long as R > r s. For ordinary stars and planets this is always the case. For example, the radius of the Sun is approximately 700 000 km, while its Schwarzschild radius is only 3 km.
In the theory of Lorentzian manifolds, spherically symmetric spacetimes admit a family of nested round spheres.In such a spacetime, a particularly important kind of coordinate chart is the Schwarzschild chart, a kind of polar spherical coordinate chart on a static and spherically symmetric spacetime, which is adapted to these nested round spheres.
For example, the Schwarzschild radius of the Earth is roughly 9 mm (3/8 inch), whereas a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit has an orbital radius that is roughly four billion times larger, at 42 164 km (26 200 miles). Even at the surface of the Earth, the corrections to Newtonian gravity are only one part in a billion.
Karl Schwarzschild (German: [kaʁl ˈʃvaʁtsʃɪlt] ⓘ; 9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer.. Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished in 1915, the same year that Einstein first introduced general relativity.